{"id":2994,"date":"2025-08-05T15:03:42","date_gmt":"2025-08-05T15:03:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.prototypes.it\/materials\/cast-iron-prototypes\/"},"modified":"2025-11-13T08:15:50","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T08:15:50","slug":"cast-iron-prototypes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.prototypes.it\/en\/materials\/cast-iron-prototypes\/","title":{"rendered":"Cast Iron Prototypes"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2994\" class=\"elementor elementor-2994 elementor-739\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45fc152 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"45fc152\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c23c6a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5c23c6a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;,&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_parent&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;laptop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;],&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:0,&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:0,&quot;sticky_anchor_link_offset&quot;:0}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aeb21c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"aeb21c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.prototypes.it\/en\/contacts\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Request a quote<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d821ef e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2d821ef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;motion_fx_motion_fx_scrolling&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_devices&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;laptop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;]}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53b4bda e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"53b4bda\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0b6c35 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d0b6c35\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfac54b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dfac54b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><sup>1<\/sup> influence of thickness and geometry\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce25b98 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ce25b98\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2d063c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f2d063c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>element thickness<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>casting morphology<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> determine the mechanical performance of the prototype.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> During cooling, variations in section and shape influence the <\/span><b>metal microstructure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and its <\/span><b>final properties<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b98e270 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b98e270\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bec513e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bec513e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26511e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"26511e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><sup>2<\/sup> Choice of alloy and manufacturing technique\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18d3c30 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"18d3c30\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-505a90d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"505a90d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During prototyping, the combination of <\/span><b>metal alloy and production process<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a fundamental decision.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> For this reason, <\/span><b>average data on cast iron characteristics<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are provided, useful for technicians to evaluate the technical and functional compliance of the prototype.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10cbdb6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10cbdb6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63053e2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"63053e2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:100,&quot;sticky_parent&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;laptop&quot;],&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:0,&quot;sticky_anchor_link_offset&quot;:0}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bdb8b79 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bdb8b79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Average Data for Cast Iron Materials\n<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0f3741 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d0f3741\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The average values obtained with <\/span><b>cast iron prototypes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> represent an important reference for design.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This information helps estimate the <\/span><b>strength, hardness, and mechanical behavior<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of parts produced through Quick Sand Casting.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e58260 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"6e58260\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.prototypes.it\/en\/contacts\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Contact us<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ca96c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5ca96c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#leghe-ghisa\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Discover All Alloys<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04249d7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"04249d7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7b1c83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d7b1c83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cast Iron Microstructure<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ed44dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8ed44dc\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81dcf61 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"81dcf61\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d925c0 elementor-widget-laptop__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0d925c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"178\" height=\"234\" src=\"https:\/\/www.prototypes.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/microstruttura-ghisa-grigia.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3002\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fad29e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7fad29e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1da474d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1da474d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Gray cast iron microstructure<\/strong>: <br>crack propagation within gray cast iron. The crack wedges into the graphite (present in flake form) and propagates. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a12a918 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a12a918\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-337f211 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"337f211\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66e555e elementor-widget-laptop__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"66e555e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"176\" height=\"232\" src=\"https:\/\/www.prototypes.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/microstruttura-ghisa-sferoidale.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3003\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6732ca6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6732ca6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d62561a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d62561a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Spheroidal cast iron microstructure<\/strong>: <br>crack propagation within spheroidal cast iron. The crack wedges into the graphite (present in spheroidal form) and is arrested. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0c8efc elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"f0c8efc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;expanded&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2520\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2520\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Appliance <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" ti-arrow-top-left\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" ti-arrow-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2520\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f02dff e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0f02dff\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f342ca1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f342ca1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"uavc-list\"><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-9490\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><span class=\"uavc-list-desc ult-responsive\" data-ultimate-target=\"#list-icon-wrap-9490 .uavc-list-desc\" data-responsive-json-new=\"{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}\">Grids<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-8616\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Caps<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-3417\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Knobs<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-9374\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Burners<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-1608\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Wok Supports<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-4315\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Tanks<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2521\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2521\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Hydraulic Applications <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" ti-arrow-top-left\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" ti-arrow-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2521\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b9a0f2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6b9a0f2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4455b9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4455b9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"uavc-list\"><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-9283\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><span class=\"uavc-list-desc ult-responsive\" data-ultimate-target=\"#list-icon-wrap-9283 .uavc-list-desc\" data-responsive-json-new=\"{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}\">Distributors<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-5134\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Shut-off valves<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-9268\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Control valves<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2522\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2522\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Pump Construction <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" ti-arrow-top-left\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" ti-arrow-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2522\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a4c1a6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1a4c1a6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64bab27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"64bab27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"uavc-list\"><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-2981\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><span class=\"uavc-list-desc ult-responsive\" data-ultimate-target=\"#list-icon-wrap-2981 .uavc-list-desc\" data-responsive-json-new=\"{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}\">Pump body<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-1409\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Motor lantern<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-5152\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Nozzles<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-4209\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Valves<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-2662\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Shredders<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-2126\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Open Impellers<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-1021\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Closed Impellers<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-5393\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Single-channel Impellers<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-1277\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Diffusers<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-7873\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Circulators<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-8062\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Supports<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2523\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2523\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Electronics <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" ti-arrow-top-left\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" ti-arrow-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2523\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b002db9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b002db9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92a3cc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"92a3cc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"uavc-list\"><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-5561\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><span class=\"uavc-list-desc ult-responsive\" data-ultimate-target=\"#list-icon-wrap-5561 .uavc-list-desc\" data-responsive-json-new=\"{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}\">Motor shields<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-7348\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Inverter boxes<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-8937\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Casings<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-1555\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Finned masses<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-6372\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Street lamps<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2524\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2524\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Automotive <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" ti-arrow-top-left\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" ti-arrow-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2524\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9caaa57 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9caaa57\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4108629 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4108629\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"uavc-list\"><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-8246\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><span class=\"uavc-list-desc ult-responsive\" data-ultimate-target=\"#list-icon-wrap-8246 .uavc-list-desc\" data-responsive-json-new=\"{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}\">Racing components<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-5359\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Aluminum frames<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-2672\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Engine cylinders<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-8103\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Cylinder heads<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-2693\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Brake calipers<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-8556\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Clutch cases<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-6909\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Engine cases<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-9107\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Gearboxes<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-3991\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Frame elements<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div id=\"list-icon-wrap-1947\" class=\"uavc-list-content\"><div class=\"uavc-list-icon \" data-animation=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"03\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper \"><div class=\"align-icon\"><div class=\"aio-icon none \">Forks<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Appliance\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"GridsCapsKnobsBurnersWok SupportsTanks\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Hydraulic Applications\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"DistributorsShut-off valvesControl valves\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Pump Construction\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Pump bodyMotor lanternNozzlesValvesShreddersOpen ImpellersClosed ImpellersSingle-channel ImpellersDiffusersCirculatorsSupports\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Electronics\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Motor shieldsInverter boxesCasingsFinned massesStreet lamps\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Automotive\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Racing componentsAluminum framesEngine cylindersCylinder headsBrake calipersClutch casesEngine casesGearboxesFrame elementsForks\"}}]}<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ef7a2f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9ef7a2f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01e02c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"01e02c2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6a0289 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d6a0289\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab26e69 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ab26e69\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f810fe5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f810fe5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cast Iron Properties Table<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34440c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"34440c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<table>\n  <thead>\n    <tr>\n      <th>Element<\/th>\n      <th>Min %<\/th>\n      <th>Max %<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr><td>C (Carbon)<\/td><td>2.9<\/td><td>3.65<\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr><td>Si (Silicon)<\/td><td>1.8<\/td><td>2.9<\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr><td>Mn (Manganese)<\/td><td>0.4<\/td><td>0.7<\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr><td>S (Sulfur)<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0.10<\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr><td>P (Phosphorus)<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0.30<\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr><td>Others<\/td><td colspan=\"2\">Traces<\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr><td>Fe (Iron)<\/td><td colspan=\"2\">Balance to 100%<\/td><\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67acc72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67acc72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Note: Data subject to change even between different foundries<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b4cc71 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8b4cc71\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7548035 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7548035\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6dd1bde elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6dd1bde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.prototypes.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Diaframma-ferro-carbonio-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3000\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.prototypes.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Diaframma-ferro-carbonio-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.prototypes.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Diaframma-ferro-carbonio-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.prototypes.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Diaframma-ferro-carbonio-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.prototypes.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Diaframma-ferro-carbonio.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8129a2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d8129a2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f9788a elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"3f9788a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table-scroll\">\n<table>\n  <thead>\n    <tr>\n      <th>Cast Iron (common name)<\/th>\n      <th>Hardness HB (30)<\/th>\n      <th>Tensile Strength<br>Rm N\/mm\u00b2<\/th>\n      <th>Yield Strength<br>Rp 0.2<\/th>\n      <th>Elongation A% <\/th>\n      <th>Structure<\/th>\n      <th>Graphite<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr>\n      <td>GJL150 (G15)<\/td>\n      <td>140-190<\/td>\n      <td>150<\/td>\n      <td>-<\/td>\n      <td>1-3<\/td>\n      <td>Ferritic<\/td>\n      <td>Lamellar<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>GJL200 (G20)<\/td>\n      <td>150-210<\/td>\n      <td>200<\/td>\n      <td>-<\/td>\n      <td>1-3<\/td>\n      <td>Ferritic-Pearlitic<\/td>\n      <td>Lamellar<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>GJL250 (G25)<\/td>\n      <td>170-240<\/td>\n      <td>250<\/td>\n      <td>-<\/td>\n      <td>1-3<\/td>\n      <td>Pearlitic<\/td>\n      <td>Lamellar<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>GJL300 (G30)<\/td>\n      <td>190-240<\/td>\n      <td>300<\/td>\n      <td>-<\/td>\n      <td>1-3<\/td>\n      <td>Pearlitic<\/td>\n      <td>Lamellar<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8d0eb5 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8d0eb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Scroll right to see the entire table.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-282a7e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"282a7e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The data above should be considered approximate as they are only obtainable on standard test specimens automatically cast on a sand molding system. The values actually found on a casting strongly depend on the thickness of the element under consideration and the morphology of the casting (as these two aspects together determine the cooling curves and therefore the overall mechanical characteristics). <\/p><p>As an example, here&#8217;s how the tensile strength varies with thickness:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02698f1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"02698f1\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6306401 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"6306401\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table-scroll\">\n<table>\n  <thead>\n    <tr>\n      <th>Material Designation<\/th>\n      <th>Determining Wall Thickness [mm]<\/th>\n      <th>Prescribed Tensile Strength<br>Rm (On specimen) [N\/mm\u00b2]<\/th>\n      <th>Prescribed Tensile Strength<br>Rm (On test piece) [N\/mm\u00b2]<\/th>\n      <th>Expected Tensile Strength<br>Rm (On test piece) [N\/mm\u00b2]<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr>\n      <td rowspan=\"5\">EN-GJL-150<\/td>\n      <td>5<\/td>\n      <td rowspan=\"5\">150 to 250<\/td>\n      <td>-<\/td>\n      <td>155<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>10<\/td>\n      <td>-<\/td>\n      <td>130<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>20<\/td>\n      <td>120<\/td>\n      <td>110<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>40<\/td>\n      <td>110<\/td>\n      <td>95<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>80<\/td>\n      <td>100<\/td>\n      <td>80<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n\n    <tr>\n      <td rowspan=\"5\">EN-GJL-200<\/td>\n      <td>5<\/td>\n      <td rowspan=\"5\">200 to 300<\/td>\n      <td>-<\/td>\n      <td>205<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>10<\/td>\n      <td>170<\/td>\n      <td>180<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>20<\/td>\n      <td>150<\/td>\n      <td>155<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>40<\/td>\n      <td>130<\/td>\n      <td>130<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>80<\/td>\n      <td>140<\/td>\n      <td>115<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n\n    <tr>\n      <td rowspan=\"5\">EN-GJL-250<\/td>\n      <td>5<\/td>\n      <td rowspan=\"5\">250 to 350<\/td>\n      <td>-<\/td>\n      <td>250<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>10<\/td>\n      <td>210<\/td>\n      <td>225<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>20<\/td>\n      <td>210<\/td>\n      <td>195<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>40<\/td>\n      <td>190<\/td>\n      <td>170<\/td>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2728a80 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-laptop elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2728a80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Scroll right to see the entire table.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-996bd52 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"996bd52\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fddb1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2fddb1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Spheroidal Cast Iron Castings UNI EN 1563<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c23abb elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"6c23abb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table-scroll\">\n    <table id=\"ghisa-sferoidale\">\n  <thead>\n       <tr>\n      <th>Cast Iron Type<\/th>\n      <th>Tensile Strength<\/th>\n      <th>0.2% Proof Stress<\/th>\n      <th>Elongation<\/th>\n      <th>Brinell Hardness<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>Material Designation<\/th>\n      <th>Rm [N\/mm\u00b2] min<\/th>\n      <th>Rp0.2 [N\/mm\u00b2] min<\/th>\n      <th>A% min<\/th>\n      <th>HB<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n       \n\n  <\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr>\n      <td>EN-GJS-400-18<\/td>\n      <td>400<\/td>\n      <td>250<\/td>\n      <td>18<\/td>\n      <td>130 to 175<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>EN-GJS-400-15<\/td>\n      <td>400<\/td>\n      <td>250<\/td>\n      <td>15<\/td>\n      <td>135 to 180<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>EN-GJS-450-10<\/td>\n      <td>450<\/td>\n      <td>310<\/td>\n      <td>10<\/td>\n      <td>160 to 210<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>EN-GJS-500-7<\/td>\n      <td>500<\/td>\n      <td>320<\/td>\n      <td>7<\/td>\n      <td>170 to 230<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>EN-GJS-600-3<\/td>\n      <td>600<\/td>\n      <td>370<\/td>\n      <td>3<\/td>\n      <td>190 to 270<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e56d66 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-laptop elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8e56d66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Scroll right to see the entire table.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a33a9d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6a33a9d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9880e69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9880e69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cast Iron Castings UNI EN 1561<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a54011 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"7a54011\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table-scroll\">\n    <table>\n  <thead>\n    <tr>\n      <th>Cast Iron<br>(common name) of material<\/th>\n      <th>Hardness HB (30)<\/th>\n      <th>Tensile Strength<br>Rm N\/mm\u00b2<\/th>\n      <th>Yield Strength<br>Rp 0.2<\/th>\n      <th>Elongation A% <\/th>\n      <th>Structure<\/th>\n      <th>Graphite<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr>\n      <td>GJS400 (GS400)<\/td>\n      <td>140-200<\/td>\n      <td>400<\/td>\n      <td>240<\/td>\n      <td>8-18<\/td>\n      <td>Ferritic<\/td>\n      <td>Spheroidal<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e3cf6b elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-laptop elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9e3cf6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Scroll right to see the entire table.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7441bc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d7441bc\" data-element_type=\"container\" id=\"leghe-ghisa\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13ac486 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"13ac486\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:100,&quot;sticky_parent&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;laptop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;],&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:0,&quot;sticky_anchor_link_offset&quot;:0}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e405fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2e405fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Types of Cast Iron<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a09fb13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a09fb13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>There are various types of cast iron, each with specific properties that make it more suitable for certain industrial uses. In prototyping and custom component production, it&#8217;s essential to choose the most suitable alloy based on mechanical strength, machinability, vibration absorption, and tensile behavior. Below is a list of the main cast irons and their essential technical characteristics.   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b5e23e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7b5e23e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9179029 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-ucaddon_hover_text_reveal_content_box\" data-id=\"9179029\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"ucaddon_hover_text_reveal_content_box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- start Content Reveal on Hover -->\n<style>\/* widget: Content Reveal on Hover *\/\n\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_9179029.uc_long_content_box {\n  overflow:hidden;\n  direction:ltr!important;\n}\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_9179029.uc_long_content_box *{\n\tbox-sizing: border-box;\n}\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_9179029 svg{\n  width:1em;\n  height:1em;\n}\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_9179029 .uc_long_content_box_holder{\n\tposition: relative;\n    overflow:hidden;\n}\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_9179029 .uc_long_content_box_holder .uc_long_content_box_box{\n\tposition: relative;\n}\n\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_9179029 .uc_long_content_box_holder .uc_long_content_box_box .uc_image_box{\n\tposition: relative;\n\tbackground-size: cover !important;\n\tbackground-repeat: no-repeat !important;\n\twidth: 100%;\n    background-blend-mode:normal;\n}\n\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_9179029 .uc_long_content_box_holder .uc_long_content_box_box .uc_overlay{\n\tposition: absolute;\n\tleft: 0;\n\ttop: 0;\n    right:0;\n    bottom:0;\n\twidth: 100%;\n\theight: 100%;\n\tz-index: 2;\n  transition:1s;\n}\n\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_9179029 .uc_long_content_box_holder .uc_long_content_box_box .uc_box_content{\n\tleft: 0;\n    bottom: 0;\n    position: absolute;\n    margin: 0;\n    width: 100%;\n\tz-index: 3;\n\toverflow: hidden;\n\tdisplay: flex;\n    height: 100%;\n    flex-direction: column;\n}\n\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_9179029 .uc_long_content_box_holder .uc_long_content_box_box .uc_box_content .uc_title{\n  transition:0.5s;\t\n}\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_9179029 .uc_long_content_box_holder .uc_long_content_box_box .uc_box_content .uc_box_content_open{\n  transition:0.5s;\t\n}\n\n\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_9179029 .uc_long_content_box_holder .uc_long_content_box_box .uc_box_content {\n  transition:0.5s;\n  transform: translateY(10px);\n}\n\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_9179029 .uc_long_content_box_holder .uc_long_content_box_box .uc_box_content .uc_hidden_content{\n\toverflow: hidden;\n    transform: scaleY(0);\n    transform-origin: bottom;\n    transition:0.5s;\n    max-height: 0;\n\topacity: 0;\n}\n\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_9179029 .uc_long_content_box_holder:hover .uc_long_content_box_box .uc_box_content .uc_hidden_content,\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_9179029 .uc_long_content_box_holder.ue_debug_true .uc_long_content_box_box .uc_box_content .uc_hidden_content{\n    max-height: 100%;\n    transform: scaleY(1);\n    overflow: visible;\n\topacity: 1;\n}\n\n.uc_box_content .uc_description{\n\tcolor: #fff;\n}\n\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_9179029 .ue_btn_container{\n  display:flex;\n  }\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_9179029 .uc_long_content_box_holder .uc_long_content_box_box .uc_box_content .uc_btn{\n  text-decoration: none;\n  display: inline-flex;\n  justify-content:center;\n  align-items:center;\n  text-align:center;\n  }\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 991px) {\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_9179029 .uc_long_content_box_holder .uc_long_content_box_box .uc_box_content .uc_hidden_content{\n    max-height: 100%;\n    transform: scaleY(1);\n    overflow: visible;\n\topacity: 1;\n}\n}\n\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_9179029 .ue-icon{\n  display:flex;\n  justify-content:center;\n  align-items:center;\n}\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_9179029 .ue-icon, #uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_9179029 .ue-icon *{\n  transition:0.5s;\t\n}\n\n\n\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"uc_long_content_box\" id=\"uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_9179029\">\n  <div class=\"uc_long_content_box_holder \">\n    <div class=\"uc_long_content_box_box\">\n      <div class=\"uc_image_box\" style=\" background-image: url();\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"uc_overlay\" ><\/div>\n      <div class=\"uc_box_content\">\n        \n         <div class=\"uc_box_content_open\">\n         <div class=\"ue-icon\"><i class=' ti-plus'><\/i><\/div>                     <h3  class=\"uc_title\">GJL 150 CAST IRON <small>characteristics and applications of lamellar cast iron EN-GJL150<\/small><\/h3>\n                  <\/div>\n           \n\t\t <div class=\"uc_hidden_content\">\n\t                  <div class=\"ue_btn_container\">\n\t\t                    <a  href=\"https:\/\/www.prototypes.it\/en\/materials\/cast-iron-prototypes\/gjl150-cast-iron\/\" class=\"uc_btn ue_btn_1\" >\n                                  Learn More\n               <\/a>\n                                     <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      \n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\n  <\/div>\n    \n  \t\t<\/div>\n<!-- end Content Reveal on Hover -->\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b9f518 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-ucaddon_hover_text_reveal_content_box\" data-id=\"2b9f518\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"ucaddon_hover_text_reveal_content_box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- start Content Reveal on Hover -->\n<style>\/* widget: Content Reveal on Hover *\/\n\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_2b9f518.uc_long_content_box {\n  overflow:hidden;\n  direction:ltr!important;\n}\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_2b9f518.uc_long_content_box *{\n\tbox-sizing: border-box;\n}\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_2b9f518 svg{\n  width:1em;\n  height:1em;\n}\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_2b9f518 .uc_long_content_box_holder{\n\tposition: relative;\n    overflow:hidden;\n}\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_2b9f518 .uc_long_content_box_holder .uc_long_content_box_box{\n\tposition: relative;\n}\n\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_2b9f518 .uc_long_content_box_holder .uc_long_content_box_box .uc_image_box{\n\tposition: relative;\n\tbackground-size: cover !important;\n\tbackground-repeat: no-repeat !important;\n\twidth: 100%;\n    background-blend-mode:normal;\n}\n\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_2b9f518 .uc_long_content_box_holder .uc_long_content_box_box .uc_overlay{\n\tposition: absolute;\n\tleft: 0;\n\ttop: 0;\n    right:0;\n    bottom:0;\n\twidth: 100%;\n\theight: 100%;\n\tz-index: 2;\n  transition:1s;\n}\n\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_2b9f518 .uc_long_content_box_holder .uc_long_content_box_box .uc_box_content{\n\tleft: 0;\n    bottom: 0;\n    position: absolute;\n    margin: 0;\n    width: 100%;\n\tz-index: 3;\n\toverflow: hidden;\n\tdisplay: flex;\n    height: 100%;\n    flex-direction: column;\n}\n\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_2b9f518 .uc_long_content_box_holder .uc_long_content_box_box .uc_box_content .uc_title{\n  transition:0.5s;\t\n}\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_2b9f518 .uc_long_content_box_holder .uc_long_content_box_box .uc_box_content .uc_box_content_open{\n  transition:0.5s;\t\n}\n\n\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_2b9f518 .uc_long_content_box_holder .uc_long_content_box_box .uc_box_content {\n  transition:0.5s;\n  transform: translateY(10px);\n}\n\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_2b9f518 .uc_long_content_box_holder .uc_long_content_box_box .uc_box_content .uc_hidden_content{\n\toverflow: hidden;\n    transform: scaleY(0);\n    transform-origin: bottom;\n    transition:0.5s;\n    max-height: 0;\n\topacity: 0;\n}\n\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_2b9f518 .uc_long_content_box_holder:hover .uc_long_content_box_box .uc_box_content .uc_hidden_content,\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_2b9f518 .uc_long_content_box_holder.ue_debug_true .uc_long_content_box_box .uc_box_content .uc_hidden_content{\n    max-height: 100%;\n    transform: scaleY(1);\n    overflow: visible;\n\topacity: 1;\n}\n\n.uc_box_content .uc_description{\n\tcolor: #fff;\n}\n\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_2b9f518 .ue_btn_container{\n  display:flex;\n  }\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_2b9f518 .uc_long_content_box_holder .uc_long_content_box_box .uc_box_content .uc_btn{\n  text-decoration: none;\n  display: inline-flex;\n  justify-content:center;\n  align-items:center;\n  text-align:center;\n  }\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 991px) {\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_2b9f518 .uc_long_content_box_holder .uc_long_content_box_box .uc_box_content .uc_hidden_content{\n    max-height: 100%;\n    transform: scaleY(1);\n    overflow: visible;\n\topacity: 1;\n}\n}\n\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_2b9f518 .ue-icon{\n  display:flex;\n  justify-content:center;\n  align-items:center;\n}\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_2b9f518 .ue-icon, #uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_2b9f518 .ue-icon *{\n  transition:0.5s;\t\n}\n\n\n\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"uc_long_content_box\" id=\"uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_2b9f518\">\n  <div class=\"uc_long_content_box_holder \">\n    <div class=\"uc_long_content_box_box\">\n      <div class=\"uc_image_box\" style=\" background-image: url();\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"uc_overlay\" ><\/div>\n      <div class=\"uc_box_content\">\n        \n         <div class=\"uc_box_content_open\">\n         <div class=\"ue-icon\"><i class=' ti-plus'><\/i><\/div>                     <h3  class=\"uc_title\">GJL 200 CAST IRON<small>characteristics and applications of lamellar cast iron EN-GJL200<\/small><\/h3>\n                  <\/div>\n           \n\t\t <div class=\"uc_hidden_content\">\n\t                  <div class=\"ue_btn_container\">\n\t\t                    <a  href=\"https:\/\/www.prototypes.it\/en\/materials\/cast-iron-prototypes\/cast-iron-gjl200\/\" class=\"uc_btn ue_btn_1\" >\n                                  Learn More\n               <\/a>\n                                     <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      \n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\n  <\/div>\n    \n  \t\t<\/div>\n<!-- end Content Reveal on Hover -->\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-512647d elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-ucaddon_hover_text_reveal_content_box\" data-id=\"512647d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"ucaddon_hover_text_reveal_content_box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- start Content Reveal on Hover -->\n<style>\/* widget: Content Reveal on Hover *\/\n\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_512647d.uc_long_content_box {\n  overflow:hidden;\n  direction:ltr!important;\n}\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_512647d.uc_long_content_box *{\n\tbox-sizing: border-box;\n}\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_512647d svg{\n  width:1em;\n  height:1em;\n}\n#uc_hover_text_reveal_content_box_elementor_512647d .uc_long_content_box_holder{\n\tposition: relative;\n    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class=\"uc_hidden_content\">\n\t                  <div class=\"ue_btn_container\">\n\t\t                    <a  href=\"https:\/\/www.prototypes.it\/en\/materials\/cast-iron-prototypes\/cast-iron-gjl250\/\" class=\"uc_btn ue_btn_1\" >\n                                  Learn More\n               <\/a>\n                                     <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      \n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\n  <\/div>\n    \n  \t\t<\/div>\n<!-- end Content Reveal on Hover -->\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-350c289 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-ucaddon_hover_text_reveal_content_box\" data-id=\"350c289\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"ucaddon_hover_text_reveal_content_box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- start Content Reveal on Hover -->\n<style>\/* widget: Content Reveal on Hover 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class=\"uc_overlay\" ><\/div>\n      <div class=\"uc_box_content\">\n        \n         <div class=\"uc_box_content_open\">\n         <div class=\"ue-icon\"><i class=' ti-plus'><\/i><\/div>                     <h3  class=\"uc_title\">GJL 300 CAST IRON<small>characteristics and applications of lamellar cast iron EN-GJL300<\/small><\/h3>\n                  <\/div>\n           \n\t\t <div class=\"uc_hidden_content\">\n\t                  <div class=\"ue_btn_container\">\n\t\t                    <a  href=\"https:\/\/www.prototypes.it\/en\/materials\/cast-iron-prototypes\/cast-iron-gjl300\/\" class=\"uc_btn ue_btn_1\" >\n                                  Learn More\n               <\/a>\n                                     <\/div>\n         <\/div>\n      \n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\n  <\/div>\n    \n  \t\t<\/div>\n<!-- end Content Reveal on Hover -->\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Request a quote 1 influence of thickness and geometry The element thickness and casting morphology determine the mechanical performance of the prototype. During cooling, variations in section and shape influence the metal microstructure and its final properties. 2 Choice of alloy and manufacturing technique During prototyping, the combination of metal alloy and production process is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3001,"parent":2883,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2994","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Cast Iron Prototypes: Characteristics and Mechanical Properties<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover cast iron prototypes: characteristics, mechanical properties, and advantages of Quick Sand Casting for creating functional and durable parts.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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